Limburger

Strictly speaking, according to Wikipedia, Limburger cheese takes its name from an area rather than a town.

From 1065 to 1794, Limburg was a Duchy of the Holy Roman Empire. Since 1839, its eastern part has belonged to the Netherlands and its western part to Belgium – each giving its name to a province of the respective country.

The former capital of the Duchy, the city of Limbourg–sur–Vesdre (to give it its proper name) is now in the Belgian province of Liége.

To return to the cheese, and Wikipedia: the cheese originated in and around the town of Herve, which was in the historical Duchy of Limburg. Cheese made in and around Herve is known in Belgium by that name, which has protected status. When cheese of the same style is made elsewhere in Belgium, it's known as Limburger.

Limburger cheese (made in the traditional Belgian style) has been produced in the USA since 1867, and its famous odour has been the butt of jokes from the Little Rascals and the Three Stooges. The odour is caused by the bacterium Brevibacterium linens, which is used to ferment Limburger (and other similar cheeses). The same bacterium is found on human skin, and is partially responsible for body odour – particularly foot odour.

Wikipedia's final take on this particular subject is that "A study showing that the malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) is attracted equally to the smell of Limburger and to the smell of human feet earned the Ig Nobel Prize in 2006 in the area of biology. The results of the study were published in the medical journal The Lancet on 9 November 1996."